«والت ویتمن» وبی پرده گویی در شعر

مترجم: احسان ابدی خواه
ariana_ehsan@yahoo.com
www.ariana24.persianblog.com

نگاهی کوتاه به آثار والت ويتمن

"Swiftly arose and spread around me the peace and joy and
----knowledge that pass all the art and argument of the earth;
And I know that the hand of God is the elder hand of my own,
And I know that the spirit of God is the eldest brother of my own,
And that all men ever born are also my brothers... and the
----women my sisters and lovers."

"In vain were nails driven through my hands.
I remember my crucifixion and bloody coronation
I remember the mockers and the buffeting insults
The sepulcher and the white linen have yielded me up
I am alive in New York and San Francisco,
Again I tread the streets after two thousand years."

"Exult O shores, and ring O bells!
But I with mournful tread,
Walk the deck my Captain lies,
Fallen cold and dead."
(from 'O Captain, My Captain')

"I wear my hat as I please indoors or out.
I find no sweeter fat than sticks to my own bones.
I am the man, I suffered, I was there.
Do I contradict myself?
Very well then
I contradict myself.
Passage to India.
I sound my barbaric yawp over the roofs of the world.
A woman waits for me.
When I give I give myself.
The long brown path before me leading wherever I choose.
The never-ending audacity of elected persons.
Pioneers! o Pioneers!"

Reader's Guide by G.W. Allen (1970); Critical Essays on Walt Whitman, ed. by J. Woodress (1983); Language and Style by C.C.Hollis (1983); Walt Whitman by James E. Miller Jr., Helen Regenstein (1990); From Noon to Starry Night: A Life of Walt Whitman by Philip Callow (1992); Masculine Landscapes by Byrne R.S. Fone (1992); The Growth of Leaves of Grass by M. Jimmie Killingsworth (1993); Walt Whitman; The Centennial Essays, ed. by Ed Folsom (1994); The Cambridge Companion to Walt Whitman, ed. by Ezra Greenspan (1995); Walt Whitman by Catherine Reef (1995); Walt Whitman & the World, ed. by Gay Wilson Allen, Ed Folsom (1995); Walt Whitman: A Gay Life by Gary Schmidgall (1997); Walt Whitman: An Encyclopedia, ed. by J.R. Lemaster, Donald D. Kummings (1998); Walt Whitman: A Comprehensive Research and Study Guide, ed. by Harold Bloom (1999); A Historical Guide to Walt Whitman, ed. by David S. Reynolds (1999); Walt Whitman, ed. by Jim Perlman (1999); Walt Whitman by Jerome Loving (1999) - other studies among others by J. Kaplan (1980); H. Aspiz (1980); W.H. Eitner (1981); P. Zweig (1984); D. Cavitch (1985); M.W. Thomas (1987) - Museums: Walt Whitman's birthplace, 246 Old Whitman Road, Huntington Station, Suffolk - Note: Edgar Lee Masters, who wrote Spoon River Anthology, published a biography of Walt Whitmanin in 1937.

• FRANKLIN EVANS, 1842
• LEAVES OF GRASS, 1855 (first edition) - Ruohoa, suom. Arvo Turtiainen
• SEQUEL TO DRUM.TAPS, 1865
• DEMOCRATIC VISTAS, 1871
• MEMORANDA DURING THE WAR, 1875
• SPECIMEN DAYS & COLLECT, 1882-83
• NOVEMBER BOUGHS, 1888
• COMPLETE WRITINGS, 10 vol., 1902
• CORRESPONDENCE, 1961-69 (4 vols., ed. by E.H. Miller)
• PROSE WORKS, 1963-64 (2 vols., ed. by F. Stoval)
• DAYBOOKS AND NOTEBOOKS, 1978
• WALT WHITMAN: POETRY AND PROSE, 1982 (ed. by Justin Kaplan)
• CORRESPONDENCE 1886-1889, 1989
• CORRESPONDENCE 1890-1892, 1989
• THE JOURNALISM: 1834-1846, 1998